Posted by Ajay
I am diverting myself from my usual slew of technical posts to advertise a great open source opportunity to fellow enthusiasts out there. I have been an active player in a very interesting open source project called Tellurium.
In simple terms Tellurium is an automated testing framework for web applications. Imagine a selenium like framework but without many of the disadvantages of selenium, imagine the freedom from having to use long and unwieldly XPath expressions, imagine tests robust enough to maintain themselves as the UI changes.
For a developer imagine the awesomeness and goodness that comes out of using Groovy and JQuery, intrigued?
Come join us, by checking out this link http://code.google.com/p/telluriumsource/wiki/TelluriumCallForParticipation
Posted by Ajay
I have been working on implementing an interesting application to manage all the photographs (I will talk more about this project in a later post). In the process, I have been thinking about a feature I want to add to my application which involves alerting users using my web application to be alerted as and when new additions are made to my photo repository. I came across Grizzly Comet and felt an inane desire to try this out on my application, so here is my technical knowledge sharing about this experience
Let’s talk NIO
Before we talk about Grizzly and Comet, let’s try to understand where this whole concept started. Java 1.4 introduced a collection of Java programming API’s called New I/O with features for intensive I/O operations and was developed as part of JSR 51. The main purpose of NIO is to have an implementation that would allow use of the more efficient underlying platform implementation of I/O. A single thread can operate on a bunch of connections instead of having one thread per connection, which provides high degree of performance. This API provides variety of features that include buffers for primitive data types, character set encoders and decoders, pattern matching features, channels. Details about NIO is probably for another post.
Introducing the “Comet” philosophy
Another interesting concept is what is called Comet application model. The basic idea is that a web server would push HTTP data to a browser without the browser requesting the data. The Comet approach typically uses Ajax with long polling to achieve it’s task.
A simple diagram to illustrate the Comet methodology as opposed to the web application model is as below
Web applications have evolved through various stages, as depicted in the following diagram
In the Page by page model, that most web applications started off from and a model that many still follow, every new browser page would send a request to the web server. So essentially we had to refresh the whole page every time a small bit of data on the page changed, which started to become a real pain.
Thus began the era of Ajax where any new information would take the form of Ajax requests to the server to update the web page asynchronously. Web apps would poll the servers periodically for new information, but still the point of the matter is that users have to periodically hit the server to request information.
Finally Netscape introduced the concept called web server push that has evolved into the comet programming model. Essentially imagine having the benefit of server to client messaging without issues of fat clients.
Imagine a real time event like a baseball game or the stock market scenario, when users would want to be kept informed of events happening during the game or certain stock market events. Such scenarios cannot be implemented using traditional web application methodologies. This is where Comet or Reverse Ajax methodologies fit in.
Comet is a collection of technologies that provides the functionality of web server push through persistent HTTP connection. Comet can be implanted using Streaming where the browser opens a single persistent connection to the server for all server events or long polling. Many applications use the comet model, some of them include Meebo, Gmail chat, Jotspot, ICEFaces JSF framework. The Comet approach involves a departure from the usual web based platform approach. It may involve storing some kind of state information about the clients who wish to receive notifications on the server., similar to messaging systems. This is the reason most Comet based approaches rely on custom adapted application servers. In Java Jetty and Grizzly have support for Comet based approaches. This type of design is also being introduced through the continuation concept in other platforms. But how does the browser itself stay in contct with the server applications? Some approaches include long polling, dynamic script tags and Iframes which are all non standards. Many client side Comet designs rely on frameworks to iron away incompatibilities, Dojo for example is an Ajax/Comet implemntation
What is Grizzly?
Writing scalable server application has been a big task always. Threading issues caused issue with scaling. This prompted Grizzly to make it’s appearance. It is a HTTP Connector based on NIO that ships with Glassfish. It is designed to replace Apache Tomcat’s Coyote connector. All Java based web connectors have scalability limited by the number of available threads. This is where Grizzly improves by providing plug ability of any kind of thread pool.
Grizzly essentially is based on a task based architecture where each task represents an operation. Every task executes on it’s own thread pool or a shared one. The main entry point is Pipeline which has nothing in common with the Catalina Pipeline. The Grizzly Pipeline is essentially a Thread Pool Wrapper and is responsible to execute a task. The SelectorThread is another important component where the NIO selector is created. When processing a request, the SelectorThread will create Task instances and pass it on to the Pipeline. There are three types of Tasks - Accept Task - to handle NIO OP_ACCEPT, ReadTask/AsyncReadTask/ReadBlockingTask - to handle OP_READ, Processor Task - to handle OP_WRITE. This SelectorThread can either create one Pipeline per Task or share a Pipeline among tasks.
Grizzly has introduced Comet support and is implemented on top of the Asynchronous Request Processing extension of Grizzly.
So thats that for my technical sharing session for today, in my next post I will give a brief intro to the Comet API and talk about how I used it in my project. Ciao, for now!
References
http://alex.dojotoolkit.org/2006/03/comet-low-latency-data-for-the-browser/
http://weblogs.java.net/blog/jfarcand/archive/2005/06/grizzly_an_http.html
http://www.pathf.com/blogs/2006/06/infrastructure_/
http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/tip/0,289483,sid26_gci1301487,00.html
http://weblogs.java.net/blog/jfarcand/archive/2006/01/introduction_to.html
Tags: comet, grizzly, java
Posted by Ajay
I rediscovered that Http is essentially stateless but if you want to maintain session state it can be done in three ways. Not that I did not know this, but sometimes when doing Java development there is so much to remember that we forget the simpler things in life
- Using cookies
- Using hidden form fields
- Using URL Rewriting
Tags: http, session
